Enhancing Controllability Robustness of -Snapback Networks through Redirecting Edges

Simulation results of betweenness-targeted node-removal attack on QSN variants: (a) exact controllability (EC); (b) structural controllability (SC); (c) heterogeneity of outdegrees (); (d) number of 3-rings; (e) number of 4-chains; and (f) number of 4-rings. represents the proportion of the removed nodes in the network.