Triboelectric Nanogenerator Enabled Smart Shoes for Wearable Electricity Generation

Table 1

The output performance and main features of the TENG enabled smart shoes.


TENG’s position	Structural design features	Main properties	Voltage	Current	Power	Duration	References

On the insole	Textiled TENG with plastic metal electrodes	Flexible and stable	30.96 V	3.07 μA	13.97 μW	7200	[158]
On the insole	Multilayer TENG with porous nanocomposite	Stretchable	55 V	170 nA	—	—	[159]

Embedded into the insole	Multilayer TENG with a zigzag-shaped substrate	Flexible	220 V	600 μA	—	—	[163]
Embedded into the insole	Simple TENG with nanofibrous membrane	Breathable, lightweight and flexible	540 V	110 μA	—	6000	[130]

Engineered into the insole	An airtight-cavity-airbag structural insole	Waterproof and durable	528 V	81.2 μA	5.47 mW	10000	[131]
Engineered into the insole	pDA-modified TENG	Simple, antibacterial, and antifouling	80 V	28.8 μA	311.3 μW	—	[166]

Integrated into the sole	Multilayer TENG with a zigzag-shaped substrate	High-efficient and lightweight	700 V	—	1.044 mW	—	[132]
Integrated into the sole	Multilayer elastomeric TENG with closely stacked arches	High mechanical robustness and waterproof	—	16.2 μA	—	200000	[171]

Under the sole	Tube-shaped TENG	Waterproof and anticorrosive	140 V	—	—	—	[133]
Under the sole	TENG based PU foam and PTFE	Soft and lightweight	120 V	2 μA	—	—	[175]