| Application site | Microneedle property | Function | Ref. |
| Skin | Stiffness, swellable ability or porosity, biocompatibility | Biomarker detection | [70] | Optional: biomarker capture ability, specificity | Stiffness, suitable delivery speed | Drug delivery, vaccination | [2, 11, 53, 92] | Optional: protective effect, adhesion, responsiveness, separability, dissolvability, antibacteria, controllability |
| Intestine | Biocompatibility, protective effect, separability or adhesion or dissolvability, biodegradation, suitable delivery speed | Drug delivery | [93] | Optional: responsiveness, controllability |
| Blood vessels | Biocompatibility, protective effect, biodegradation, suitable delivery speed | Drug delivery | [25, 85] | Optional: scaffold function, mesh function, responsiveness, controllability |
| Ocular tissues | Biocompatibility, separability or transparency or dissolvability, biodegradation, suitable delivery speed | Drug delivery | [86] | Optional: responsiveness, controllability |
| Oral mucosa | Biocompatibility, protective effect, biodegradation, suitable delivery speed | Vaccination | [112, 113] | Optional: separability, dissolvability, adhesion, responsiveness |
| Genital tracts | Biocompatibility, protective effect, biodegradation, suitable delivery speed | Vaccination | [114] | Optional: separability, dissolvability, adhesion, responsiveness, adjustability |
| Hearts | Stiffness, biocompatibility, protective effect, biodegradation, suitable delivery speed | Drug delivery | [108] | Optional: dissolvability, adhesion, responsiveness, adjustability |
|
|