Introducing the conductive intermediate layer into a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been proved as an efficient way to enhance the surface charge density that is attributed to the enhancement of the dielectric permittivity. However, far too little attention has been paid to the companion percolation, another key element to affect the output. Here, the TENG with MXene-embedded polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite film is fabricated, and the dependence of the output capability on the MXene loading is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Specifically, the surface charge density mainly depends on the dielectric permittivity at lower MXene loadings, and in contrast, the percolation becomes the degrading factor with the further increase of the conductive loadings. At the balance between the dielectric and percolation properties, the surface charge density of the MXene-modified TENG obtained 350&#x0025; enhancement compared to that with the pure PVDF. This work shed new light on understanding the dielectric and percolation effect in TENG, which renders a universal strategy for the high-performance triboelectronics.

Binbin Zhang

Guo Tian

Da Xiong

Tao Yang

Fengjun Chun

Shen Zhong

Zhiming Lin

Wen Li

Weiqing Yang

Understanding the Percolation Effect in Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Conductive Intermediate Layer

As a promising renewable energy source, it is a challenging task to obtain blue energy, which is irregular and has an ultralow frequency, due to the limitation of technology. Herein, a nonresonant hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator was presented to efficiently obtain the ultralow frequency energy. The instrument adopted the flexible pendulum structure with a precise design and combined the working principle of electromagnetism and triboelectricity to realize the all-directional vibration energy acquisition successfully. The results confirmed that the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) had the potential to deliver the maximum power point of about 470&#x2009;&#x03BC;W while the electromagnetic nanogenerator (EMG) can provide 523&#x2009;mW at most. The conversion efficiency of energy of the system reached 48.48&#x0025;, which exhibited a remarkable improvement by about 2.96 times, due to the elastic buffering effect of the TENG with the double helix structure. Furthermore, its ability to collect low frequency wave energy was successfully proven by a buoy in Jialing River. This woke provides an effective candidate to harvest irregular and ultralow frequency blue energy on a large scale.

Weibo Xie

Lingxiao Gao

Lingke Wu

Xin Chen

Fayang Wang

Daqiao Tong

Jian Zhang

Jianyu Lan

Xiaobin He

Xiaojing Mu

Ya Yang

A Nonresonant Hybridized Electromagnetic-Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Irregular and Ultralow Frequency Blue Energy Harvesting

Tissue regeneration is an active multiplex process involving the dynamic inflammatory microenvironment. Under a normal physiological framework, inflammation is necessary for the systematic immunity including tissue repair and regeneration as well as returning to homeostasis. Inflammatory cellular response and metabolic mechanisms play key roles in the well-orchestrated tissue regeneration. If this response is dysregulated, it becomes chronic, which in turn causes progressive fibrosis, improper repair, and autoimmune disorders, ultimately leading to organ failure and death. Therefore, understanding of the complex inflammatory multiple player responses and their cellular metabolisms facilitates the latest insights and brings novel therapeutic methods for early diseases and modern health challenges. This review discusses the recent advances in molecular interactions of immune cells, controlled shift of pro- to anti-inflammation, reparative inflammatory metabolisms in tissue regeneration, controlling of an unfavorable microenvironment, dysregulated inflammatory diseases, and emerging therapeutic strategies including the use of biomaterials, which expand therapeutic views and briefly denote important gaps that are still prevailing.

Rani Mata

Yuejun Yao

Wangbei Cao

Jie Ding

Tong Zhou

Zihe Zhai

Changyou Gao

The Dynamic Inflammatory Tissue Microenvironment: Signality and Disease Therapy by Biomaterials

There is a rising prospective in harvesting energy from the environment, as in situ energy is required for the distributed sensors in the interconnected information society, among which the water flow energy is the most potential candidate as a clean and abundant mechanical source. However, for microscale and unordered movement of water, achieving a sustainable direct-current generating device with high output to drive the load element is still challenging, which requires for further exploration. Herein, we propose a dynamic PN water junction generator with moving water sandwiched between two semiconductors, which outputs a sustainable direct-current voltage of 0.3&#x2009;V and a current of 0.64&#x2009;&#x03BC;A. The mechanism can be attributed to the dynamic polarization process of water as moving dielectric medium in the dynamic PN water junction, under the Fermi level difference of two semiconductors. We further demonstrate an encapsulated portable power-generating device with simple structure and continuous direct-current voltage output of 0.11&#x2009;V, which exhibits its promising potential application in the field of wearable devices and the IoTs.

Yanghua Lu

Yanfei Yan

Xutao Yu

Xu Zhou

Sirui Feng

Chi Xu

Haonan Zheng

Zunshan Yang

Linjun Li

Kaihui Liu

Shisheng Lin

Polarized Water Driven Dynamic PN Junction-Based Direct-Current Generator

Hydrogen energy, with environment amicable, renewable, efficiency, and cost-effective advantages, is the future mainstream substitution of fossil-based fuel. However, the extremely low volumetric density gives rise to the main challenge in hydrogen storage, and therefore, exploring effective storage techniques is key hurdles that need to be crossed to accomplish the sustainable hydrogen economy. Hydrogen physically or chemically stored into nanomaterials in the solid-state is a desirable prospect for effective large-scale hydrogen storage, which has exhibited great potentials for applications in both reversible onboard storage and regenerable off-board storage applications. Its attractive points include safe, compact, light, reversibility, and efficiently produce sufficient pure hydrogen fuel under the mild condition. This review comprehensively gathers the state-of-art solid-state hydrogen storage technologies using nanostructured materials, involving nanoporous carbon materials, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, porous aromatic frameworks, nanoporous organic polymers, and nanoscale hydrides. It describes significant advances achieved so far, and main barriers need to be surmounted to approach practical applications, as well as offers a perspective for sustainable energy research.

Jie Zheng

Chen-Gang Wang

Hui Zhou

Enyi Ye

Jianwei Xu

Zibiao Li

Xian Jun Loh

Current Research Trends and Perspectives on Solid-State Nanomaterials in Hydrogen Storage

Light management is essential for military stealth, optical information communication, and energy-efficient buildings. However, current light management materials face challenges of limited optical modulation range and poor mechanical properties. Herein, we report a locally confined polymerization (LCP) approach to develop hierarchical network-augmented hydroglasses (HNAH) based on poly(methacrylic acid) for broadband light management as well as mechanical enhancement. The dynamic geometry of the networks ranging from nano- to micro-scale enables to manage the light wavelength over three orders of magnitude, from the ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) band, and reversibly switches transmittance in the visible region. A smart hydroglass window is developed with elasticity, outstanding robustness, self-healing, notch resistance, biosafety by blocking UV radiation, and high solar energy shielding efficacy with a temperature drop of 13&#x00B0;C. Compared to current inorganic glasses and Plexiglas, the hydroglass not only is a promising and versatile candidate but also provides novel insights into the molecular and structural design of broadband light management and optimized mechanical properties.

Zhouyue Lei

Baohu Wu

Peiyi Wu

Hierarchical Network-Augmented Hydroglasses for Broadband Light Management

The issue of information security is closely related to every aspect of daily life. For pursuing a higher level of security, much effort has been continuously invested in the development of information security technologies based on encryption and storage. Current approaches using single-dimension information can be easily cracked and imitated due to the lack of sufficient security. Multidimensional information encryption and storage are an effective way to increase the security level and can protect it from counterfeiting and illegal decryption. Since light has rich dimensions (wavelength, duration, phase, polarization, depth, and power) and synergy between different dimensions, light as the input is one of the promising candidates for improving the level of information security. In this review, based on six different dimensional features of the input light, we mainly summarize the implementation methods of multidimensional information encryption and storage including material preparation and response mechanisms. In addition, the challenges and future prospects of these information security systems are discussed.

Senyang Liu

Xiaohu Liu

Jinying Yuan

Jie Bao

Multidimensional Information Encryption and Storage: When the Input Is Light

Recent progress has been made on the synthesis and characterization of metal halide perovskite magic-sized clusters (PMSCs) with ABX3 composition (<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.266399pt" height="13.3157pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -10.0493 75.7774 13.3157" width="75.7774pt">


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</svg>, Br-, or I-). However, their mechanism of growth and structure is still not well understood. In our effort to understand their structure and growth, we discovered that a new species can be formed without the CH3NH3+ component, which we name as molecular clusters (MCs). Specifically, CH3NH3PbBr3 PMSCs, with a characteristic absorption peak at 424 nm, are synthesized using PbBr2 and CH3NH3Br as precursors and butylamine (BTYA) and valeric acid (VA) as ligands, while MCs, with an absorption peak at 402 nm, are synthesized using solely PbBr2 and BTYA, without CH3NH3Br. Interestingly, PMSCs are converted spontaneously overtime into MCs. An isosbestic point in their electronic absorption spectra indicates a direct interplay between the PMSCs and MCs. Therefore, we suggest that the MCs are precursors to the PMSCs. From spectroscopic and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results, we propose some tentative structural models for the MCs. The discovery of the MCs is critical to understanding the growth of PMSCs as well as larger perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) or nanocrystals (PNCs).

Evan T. Vickers

Ziyi Chen

Vivien Cherrette

Tyler Smart

Peng Zhang

Yuan Ping

Jin Z. Zhang

Interplay between Perovskite Magic-Sized Clusters and Amino Lead Halide Molecular Clusters

We explore a potential LISA-Taiji network to fast and accurately localize the coalescing massive black hole binaries. For an equal-mass binary located at redshift of 1 with a total intrinsic mass of <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.8191pt" height="14.3352pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -10.5161 35.2658 14.3352" width="35.2658pt">


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</svg>, the LISA-Taiji network may achieve almost four orders of magnitude improvement on the source localization region compared to an individual detector. The precision measurement of sky location from the gravitational-wave signal may completely identify the host galaxy with low redshifts prior to the final black hole merger. Such identification of the host galaxy is vital for the follow-up variability in electromagnetic emissions of the circumbinary disc when the binary merges to a new black hole and enables the coalescing massive black hole binaries to be used as a standard siren to probe the expansion history of the Universe.

Wen-Hong Ruan

Chang Liu

Zong-Kuan Guo

Yue-Liang Wu

Rong-Gen Cai

The LISA-Taiji Network: Precision Localization of Coalescing Massive Black Hole Binaries

Emotion recognition has been used widely in various applications such as mental health monitoring and emotional management. Usually, emotion recognition is regarded as a text classification task. Emotion recognition is a more complex problem, and the relations of emotions expressed in a text are nonnegligible. In this paper, a hierarchical model with label embedding is proposed for contextual emotion recognition. Especially, a hierarchical model is utilized to learn the emotional representation of a given sentence based on its contextual information. To give emotion correlation-based recognition, a label embedding matrix is trained by joint learning, which contributes to the final prediction. Comparison experiments are conducted on Chinese emotional corpus RenCECps, and the experimental results indicate that our approach has a satisfying performance in textual emotion recognition task.

Jiawen Deng

Fuji Ren

Hierarchical Network with Label Embedding for Contextual Emotion Recognition

Acoustic tweezers have great application prospects because they allow noncontact and noninvasive manipulation of microparticles in a wide range of media. However, the nontransparency and heterogeneity of media in practical applications complicate particle trapping and manipulation. In this study, we designed a 1.04&#x2009;MHz 256-element 2D matrix array for 3D acoustic tweezers to guide and monitor the entire process using real-time 3D ultrasonic images, thereby enabling acoustic manipulation in nontransparent media. Furthermore, we successfully performed dynamic 3D manipulations on multiple microparticles using multifoci and vortex traps. We achieved 3D particle manipulation in heterogeneous media (through resin baffle and ex vivo macaque and human skulls) by introducing a method based on the time reversal principle to correct the phase and amplitude distortions of the acoustic waves. Our results suggest cutting-edge applications of acoustic tweezers such as acoustical drug delivery, controlled micromachine transfer, and precise treatment.

Ye Yang

Teng Ma

Sinan Li

Qi Zhang

Jiqing Huang

Yifei Liu

Jianwei Zhuang

Yongchuan Li

Xuemin Du

Lili Niu

Yang Xiao

Congzhi Wang

Feiyan Cai

Hairong Zheng

Self-Navigated 3D Acoustic Tweezers in Complex Media Based on Time Reversal

About this journal

The open access journal Research, published in association with CAST, publishes innovative, wide-ranging research in life sciences, physical sciences, engineering and applied science.

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Research's&nbsp;Editorial Board includes international experts in fields ranging from life sciences to physical sciences. Tianhong Cui of University of Minnesota and Weimin Bao of China Association for Science and Technology serve as the Editors-in-Chief of the journal.

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•&nbsp;<a href="https://spj.sciencemag.org/research-special-issues/perovskite-materials/">Perovskite Materials</a>

•&nbsp;<a href="https://spj.sciencemag.org/research-special-issues/organic-afterglow/">Organic Super Long Afterglow</a>

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Research is now indexed in Web of Science SCIE in the multidisciplinary category and is expected to receive its first Impact Factor in 2022.

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The open access journal Research, published in association with CAST, publishes innovative, wide-ranging research in life sciences, physical sciences, engineering and applied science.